Melasma is a common skin issue that primarily affects women. It shows up as patches of pigmentation on the skin in shades of light brown, dark brown or blue gray. While not harmful melasma can be quite bothersome for some individuals.

This detailed guide covers all you need to know about melasma. We will discuss its types, causes and the factors that may increase the risk of developing it. Additionally, we will touch upon how melasma is diagnosed and look into the treatment options that are available. By the end of this guide you will have a grasp of melasma allowing you to effectively manage it.

What is Melasma?

Melasma is a common, harmless skin condition that causes increased Pigmentation on your Skin. It is more often than not found in women. It can be easily treated if early steps are taken to halt its progression. As time passes, the effectiveness of the treatment will decrease. What do you have to expect when you are talking about melasma?

Whenever we talk about melasma, we are referring to the light brown, dark brown, and/or blue-gray patches on your skin. There are three different Types of melasma, depending on where the cells are overproducing the melasma pigment, called melanin. Melanin is the pigment that protects our skin from sunlight’s UV rays.

Types of Melasma

Melasma has three types, namely epidermal melasma, dermal melasma, and mixed types. We have created a table to help you understand this better.

What Causes Melasma?

It is a complex process, and it is triggered by the photoaging process. It has been established that dysregulation of melanin synthesis in melanocytes is the underlying cause of all types of melasma. Melanocytes are pigment cells that are responsible for producing melanin, which protects us from the harmful effects of the sun’s UV rays.

Firstly, melanin production starts in the epidermis layer, where melanocytes are produced, which can be easily treated. It is so because the epidermis layer is continuously renewed due to the Skin Renewal Process. But if we let time pass, the pigments start to be deposited in the dermis layer, making it even more challenging for the skin to get rid of these pigments.

Hence, it is always advised that early intervention is the best step forward to get rid of the melasma patches.

Risk Factors for Melasma

Several factors are implicated in the development of melasma, including:

• Genetic preexposure: Melasma runs in families, and 60% of the reported cases are familial in nature.
• Sun Exposure: Increased exposure to sunlight has been linked to increased synthesis of melanin. When there is increased synthesis of melanin, it is likely to build up to cause melasma.
• Hormone imbalances: Many pregnant women observe that during their pregnancy they see melasma being built. It is seen as occurring due to the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. Although the melasma patch appears during pregnancy, it usually disappears after the pregnancy. Excessive use of contraceptive pills also causes an increase in the production of melanin, which manifests as melasma. A few reports have also linked thyroid disorders.
• Medication: A few medications that have phototoxic side reactions are also seen to trigger melasma in several individuals.

Diagnosis of Melasma

The diagnosis of melasma is done by a dermatologist through a visual examination. This visual examination happens at two levels. In the first level, they closely look at the melasma pattern under a microscope. They will carefully take note of

• Location and the shape of the patches.
• The color of the patches
• Frequency and shape of the spots in the patches

As we discussed above, epidermal and dermal melasma have their own signature patterns and colors. Once they confirm this, they go ahead with the second level of the test. They do a Wood’s Lamp test if they are unsure about the diagnosis. In this test, low stength UV light is emitted where the melasma appears darker or sometimes shines with a different color compared to the surrounding skin.

In rare cases, where the doctor is unsure about the condition, they might go for a skin biopsy. In it, the dermatologist will collect a sample of the Skin Tissue to run a few tests and observe it under a microscope. It is one of the best approaches to rule out any other skin condition that could mimic melasma.

Treatment and Prevention of Melasma

Dealing with melasma can be quite puzzling, as finding the right treatment involves pinpointing the root cause. Is it due to sun exposure, hormones, or genetics? The positive news is that melasma is often manageable and might even fade naturally in some instances. The key is sun protection, which can lead to improvements.

It’s important to remember that there’s no solution for everyone. We collaborate with you to identify your melasma triggers and tailor an approach. While there isn’t a fix to make it disappear entirely, employing a mix of strategies can notably diminish its visibility.

Let’s delve into some methods to address melasma:

• Sun Protection: This serves as your defense! Regular application of spectrum SPF 30 or higher sunscreen is essential. You might also consider using sun clothing and hats for added protection.
• Targeted Treatments: Consult your dermatologist about options such as creams, chemical peels, Exosome Therapy, or laser therapy. These treatments can help lighten pigmentation and even out skin tone.
• Lifestyle Adjustments: Certain factors can exacerbate melasma. Have a conversation with your provider regarding the impact of birth control pills, hormone therapy or specific medications.

Let’s also look into ways to reduce irritation caused by harsh skincare items. Here are some things to steer clear of:

• Hormonal Triggers: If you’re worried about birth control or hormone treatment we can chat with your doctor about choices.
• Sun Exposure: Limit sun exposure, and always use sunscreen.
• Irritating Products: Aggressive soaps, makeup or waxing can worsen melasma. Choose skincare products. Explore other options for hair removal.

Just remember, by taking the approach, you can effectively manage melasma. Attain a smoother, more glowing complexion.

FAQ's

Q- Is melasma treatable?

Yes, melasma is treatable, with the best results visible when the treatment is done during the early stages, all the while staying away from prolonged exposure to sunlight. At later stages, the effectiveness of the treatment decreases. However, you can see the Best Results with Treatment options like laser resurfacing, chemical peels, and exosome therapy. These treatments help in melanin reduction by attacking the pigment and the molecular synthesis process in the skin.

Q- Is melasma cancerous?

Melasma is not cancerous. It is a common skin condition that does not turn into cancer. But a word of caution: a few skin cancers do manifest melasma symptoms, so it is best if you openly discuss it with your dermatologist.

Q- Is melasma permanent?

Melasma has been shown to reverse to its prior state if exposure to the sun is not limited. But if simple precautionary steps are taken, the condition can be reversed with the slight involvement of a dermatologist.

Q- Is melasma painful?

No, melasma is not painful. It is also not itchy, and while it is a noticeable skin condition, it does not cause any sort of discomfort to you.

Q- Can melasma be raised on the skin?

The discolored patch of skin might be noticeable, but you will not feel any raised or textured skin. It has no effect whatsoever on the texture of your skin: only the melasma pigmentation patch will appear darker than your skin.

Q- Can melasma appear overnight?

No, melasma appears gradually over time with prolonged exposure to the sun. In certain cases where hormone imbalances occur, the condition might present itself and has been commonly observed during pregnancy.